Choosing sunscreen

SPF indicates how well a sunscreen protects against UVB, the type of ultraviolet light mainly responsible for sunburn. Higher numbers mean more protection, but the rating comes from lab tests using a set amount of product. In real life, applying too little, sweating or rubbing can reduce protection, so reapplication matters.

PA is a rating for protection against UVA, the type of ultraviolet light associated with skin aging. In Korea it is shown with plus signs, from PA+ up to PA++++, and more plus signs mean stronger UVA protection. When choosing a sunscreen, check the PA grade alongside the SPF number.

For commuting and mostly indoor days, a sunscreen around SPF 30 with a PA rating, applied generously, is commonly recommended. For long outdoor activities or strong sun, choose a higher SPF and reapply more often. In practice, using enough product and reapplying matter more than chasing the highest number on the label.

Standard SPF tests are based on a fairly generous amount of product, so a thin layer will not give the protection shown on the label. A common rule of thumb for the face is about two finger-lengths of sunscreen, though it is only a guide. If that much feels heavy at once, apply it in two thinner layers.

If you are outdoors for a long time, sweating or swimming, reapplying roughly every two hours is a common guideline. If you are mostly indoors, you can reapply less often, but top up before going out or sitting by a sunny window. Over makeup, sun sticks or sun cushions make reapplication easier.

In Korea, "mineral" sunscreens use inorganic filters such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, while "chemical" ones use organic filters that absorb UV light. Mineral types are known for leaving more of a white cast, while chemical types usually spread more lightly. Many products combine both kinds of filters.

Many people with sensitive skin find mineral-based sunscreens less irritating, but reactions vary widely. Look for products with little fragrance or alcohol, and test a small area first. If stinging or redness continues after applying, stop using it and consult a dermatologist to find out what your skin is reacting to.

White cast is the pale, chalky look some sunscreens leave on the skin, often with mineral filters. It can be especially visible on deeper skin tones. Applying in several thin layers, avoiding products marketed as "tone-up," or choosing formulas that include chemical filters or tinted versions can help reduce it.

Tone-up sunscreens combine UV protection with a brightening tint that makes skin look a shade lighter, and they are very popular in Korea. Some people use them as a makeup base. Because of the white or pastel tint, they can look unnatural on some skin tones, so test before buying.

Yes, it is a good idea. A significant share of UV light is known to pass through clouds. Indoors, if you sit near windows for long or spend hours in a car, UVA that passes through glass can still reach your skin. Making sunscreen part of your morning routine every day is the simplest approach.

Sun sticks are solid, so they are easy to carry and reapply. Sun cushions are convenient for patting over makeup. Sprays cover large areas quickly but make it hard to apply enough evenly, and you should avoid inhaling them. Many people use a cream in the morning and one of these formats for touch-ups later.

Water-resistant sunscreen is helpful for swimming, sports and outdoor activities where you sweat a lot. Protection still drops after you get out of the water or towel off, so reapply afterward. At the end of the day, remove it thoroughly, for example with an oil-based cleanser followed by your usual wash.

Yes. In Korea, products that claim UV protection are classified as functional cosmetics and go through an MFDS process. That is why Korean sunscreen packaging shows a functional cosmetic label along with SPF and PA ratings. Detailed standards can change, so refer to MFDS official guidance for the current rules.

Probably not on its own. SPF is measured using a generous amount of product, and makeup is usually applied much more thinly than that. The safer habit is to apply a separate sunscreen as your last skincare step and treat the SPF in your makeup as a bonus layer rather than your main protection.

Stinging often happens when sweat carries sunscreen into your eyes. Try using a little less around the eye area, or switch to a stick or a product made for the eye area. If sunscreen gets in your eyes, rinse with clean water, and see an eye doctor if pain or redness continues.

People with oily skin often prefer lightweight gels or fluids with a fresh, less shiny finish. If you are breakout-prone, watch how your skin responds after use and cleanse thoroughly in the evening. Trying a store tester or a travel size first is a good way to check the texture before committing.

Children's skin is more delicate, so many parents choose gentle products made for kids. For young babies especially, shade, hats and covering clothing are usually recommended as the first line of protection. Follow the age and usage guidance on the product, and ask a pediatrician if you are unsure what is appropriate.

First check the expiry date and the period-after-opening symbol on the packaging. If it has expired or spent a long time somewhere hot and sunny, its protection may have weakened. If the color, smell or texture has changed, or the formula has separated, it is best not to use it even before the date.

Apply sunscreen generously and reapply about every two hours, and add a hat, parasol and sunglasses. Parasols are a common sight in Korea in summer. Try to avoid the strongest midday sun when you can, and drink water often, since summer heat and humidity can be intense during outdoor sightseeing.

Yes. Deeper skin may burn less easily, but it is not immune to UV damage, and sun protection also helps with concerns like dark spots and uneven pigmentation. Choosing formulas that leave little white cast, or tinted versions, can make daily sunscreen feel more natural and comfortable to wear.